
Today, we might think of sewage containment as a problem of the 19th century, when urban areas developed robust infrastructure to properly collect and dispose of human waste. However, in Arklow, a coastal town on Ireland’s eastern seaboard, this problem was never fully addressed. For close to a century, the municipality pumped raw sewage directly into the River Avoca, where it traveled out to the Irish Sea, severely contaminating the water and nearby beaches.